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Coal and Petroleum
Class: VIII
Subject: Science
Chapter: 5
Learning Outcomes
What Students Will Achieve
Knowledge
- Differentiate exhaustible and inexhaustible resources
- Explain formation of coal and petroleum
- List products obtained from fossil fuels
Understanding
- Analyze why fossil fuels are limited
- Compare CNG, LPG and other fuels
- Explain environmental impacts
Skills
- Model fossil fuel formation
- Analyze fuel consumption data
- Design conservation campaigns
Fossil Fuels Basics
Natural Resources Classification
Exhaustible
Coal
Exhaustible
Petroleum
Inexhaustible
Wind
| Resource Type | Characteristics | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Inexhaustible | Unlimited quantity, renewable | Sunlight, wind, tidal energy |
| Exhaustible | Limited quantity, non-renewable | Coal, petroleum, natural gas |
Activity: Resource Consumption Simulation
Objective: Demonstrate limited nature of fossil fuels
- Divide class into generational groups
- First generation consumes resources
- Subsequent generations get remaining
- Discuss conservation implications
Coal Formation
From Forests to Fossil Fuel
Formation Process
- 300 million years ago
- Dense forests in wetlands
- Buried under soil layers
- High pressure & temperature
- Carbonization over millennia
Coal Products
- Coke: Porous carbon (steel production)
- Coal Tar: 200+ chemical compounds
- Coal Gas: Fuel for industries
Experiment: Modeling Coal Formation
Objective: Simulate fossilization process
- Layer leaves between clay sheets
- Apply pressure with books
- Observe changes over 2 weeks
Petroleum Refining
From Crude Oil to Useful Products
Fractional Distillation Process
| Fraction | Boiling Range (°C) | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| LPG | <40 | Cooking fuel |
| Petrol | 40-205 | Vehicle fuel |
| Kerosene | 205-260 | Aviation fuel |
Project: Design a Refinery Model
Objective: Create 3D fractional distillation tower
Conservation
Saving Our Fossil Fuels
Transport Tips
- Maintain proper tire pressure
- Drive at steady speeds
- Use public transport
Home Solutions
- Use energy-efficient appliances
- Install solar water heaters
- LED lighting
Assessment
Evaluation Strategies
Formative Assessments
- Refinery diagram labeling
- Coal products matching quiz
- Experiment reports
Summative Assessments
- Chapter test (MCQs + SAQs)
- Refinery model presentation
- Research paper
