🌐 Internet & Intranet Basics
💡 Core Concept: Understanding Internet, Intranet, is crucial for UGC NET Paper 1 (ICT) and Paper 2 (Computer Science/Education). 5-8 marks consistently appear from these topics.
1. Internet Fundamentals
🔴 Internet: Global Network of Networks
Key Characteristics:
- Decentralized: No single controlling authority
- TCP/IP Protocol: Standard communication language
- WWW: World Wide Web (subset of Internet)
- Client-Server Model: Basis of data exchange
| Component | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ISP | Internet Service Provider | Airtel, Jio |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator | https://www.ugcnet.nta.nic.in |
| DNS | Domain Name System | Converts domain to IP |
| HTTP/HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure) | Website communication |
2. Intranet Fundamentals
🟣 Intranet: Private Internal Network
Key Characteristics:
- Private: Restricted to organization
- Firewall Protected: Secured from external access
- Uses Internet Protocols: But not publicly accessible
- Common Uses: HR portals, internal communication
| Feature | Internet | Intranet |
|---|---|---|
| Accessibility | Public | Private |
| Security | Less secure | More secure |
| Users | Global | Organization members |
| Bandwidth | Variable | High (controlled) |
5. Internet vs Intranet vs Extranet
🔷 Comparative Analysis
| Feature | Internet | Intranet | Extranet |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access | Public | Private (internal) | Private (external partners) |
| Security | Basic | High | Moderate |
| Users | Everyone | Employees | Selected external users |
| Example | Google.com | Company HR portal | Vendor ordering system |
6. Case Study: UGC NET 2023 Question
Question: Which of these is NOT a characteristic of responsive web design?
Options:
A) Fluid grids
B) Fixed layouts
C) Media queries
D) Flexible images
Answer: B) Fixed layouts
Exam Trend: 1-2 questions appear annually on responsive design principles in ICT section.
7. Internet Governance & Organizations
🌍 Key Internet Bodies
| Organization | Role | Headquarters |
|---|---|---|
| ICANN | Manages domain names/IP addresses | USA |
| W3C | Web standards (HTML, CSS) | MIT, USA |
| IETF | Internet protocol standards | International |
| ISOC | Internet policy advocacy | USA |
🎯 Preparation Strategy
For UGC NET Aspirants:
- Memorize key differences between Internet/Intranet
- Review Internet governance bodies (ICANN, W3C)
Pro Tip: Create comparison charts for:
Internet vs Intranet vs Extranet
Internet vs Intranet vs Extranet
