BIOLOGIC
INSIGHTS
⚡ NEET 2025 BIOTECH MASTERCLASS | NCERT BIOLOGY
GENETIC ENGINEERING - Complete NEET Guide
15-Year NEET Trends Analysis + NCERT Based PYQs (2004-2024)
🧬 3 MUST-KNOW FACTS FOR NEET 2025
18
PYQs on Restriction Enzymes
100%
Vector Qs from NCERT Diagrams
4x
More PCR Questions in Last 5 Years
🧪 GENETIC ENGINEERING TOOLS - NEET NCERT Highlights
| Tool | Function | NEET Example |
|---|---|---|
| Restriction Enzymes | Cut DNA at specific sites | EcoRI (NEET 2019) |
| Vectors | DNA carriers for gene transfer | pBR322 (NEET 2021) |
| Ligases | Join DNA fragments | DNA ligase (NEET 2022) |
NEET 2025 Tip: Sticky ends (5' overhangs) vs Blunt ends - Asked 5 times in last decade (NCERT Fig 11.1)
🔬 rDNA Technology Process
- Isolation of genetic material (NEET 2016)
- Cutting with restriction enzymes
- Ligation into vector (NEET favorite)
- Transformation into host
- Expression of desired protein
💊 Applications - NEET Focus
- Medicine (Insulin production - NEET 2017)
- Agriculture (Bt cotton - NEET 2021)
- Industry (Enzyme production)
- Gene Therapy (SCID treatment)
🧫 KEY TECHNIQUES - NEET Must-Know
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
- DNA amplification method
- 3 steps: Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
- NEET favorite: Taq polymerase (Thermus aquaticus)
Gel Electrophoresis
- DNA separation by size
- Agarose gel matrix
- Ethidium bromide staining (NEET 2020)
NEET Special: Selectable markers (ampR, tetR) in vectors - Asked 3 times in last 5 years (NCERT Fig 11.5)
🧬 VECTORS & ENZYMES - NEET Guaranteed Questions
NEET Must-Know Features:
- Origin of replication (ori)
- Selectable markers (antibiotic resistance)
- Cloning sites (NEET 2023 question)
Common Vectors for NEET:
- Plasmids - pBR322, pUC19
- Bacteriophages - Lambda phage
- Cosmids - Hybrid vectors
Important Enzymes - NEET Pattern:
- Restriction endonucleases
- DNA ligase
- Reverse transcriptase (NEET numerical)
📜 NEET PYQ TRENDS (2014-2024)
2023: Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites?
Restriction endonuclease (Correct Answer)
2021: pBR322 is an example of?
Cloning vector (NCERT based)
2019: PCR technique was invented by?
Kary Mullis (Direct NCERT line)
