BIOTECH APPLICATIONS - Complete NEET Guide
20-Year NEET Trends Analysis + NCERT Based PYQs (2004-2024)
🧬 3 MUST-KNOW FACTS FOR NEET 2025
💉 BIOTECH APPLICATIONS - NEET NCERT Highlights
| Application | Key Concept | NEET Example |
|---|---|---|
| Human Insulin | rDNA technology using E. coli | First biotech drug (NEET 2018) |
| Vaccines | Recombinant DNA vaccines (Hepatitis B) | Antigen production (NEET 2021) |
| Gene Therapy | Correcting defective genes (SCID) | ADA deficiency treatment (NEET 2019) |
| Bt Crops | Cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis | Bt cotton (NEET 2020, 2023) |
NEET 2025 Tip: Remember the 3 main GMO types - Bt crops, Golden Rice, and Flavr Savr tomato (asked 5 times in last decade)
🏥 MEDICAL BIOTECH
- Insulin Production: rDNA tech using E. coli/yeast
- Vaccines: Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine
- Gene Therapy: ADA-SCID treatment
- NEET Focus: PCR applications (NEET 2016, 2022)
🌾 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECH
- Bt Crops: Cry proteins against pests
- Golden Rice: β-carotene enriched
- Transgenic Animals: Dolly sheep, transgenic cows
- NEET Favorite: RNAi technology (NEET 2018, 2021)
🧬 GMOs & TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Genetically Modified Organisms
- Bt Cotton: Cry1Ac gene against bollworm
- Golden Rice: Vitamin A enriched (psy + crt1 genes)
- NEET Example: Flavr Savr tomato (NEET 2019)
- Benefits: Pest resistance, nutrition enhancement
Transgenic Animals
- Dolly Sheep: First cloned mammal (1996)
- Transgenic Cow: Human protein in milk
- Knockout Mice: Gene function studies
- NEET Special: Rosie (human α-lactalbumin) - NCERT mention
NEET Special: Remember key GMO examples - Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, Golden Rice, and Flavr Savr tomato (all mentioned in NCERT)
⚠️ BIOSAFETY ISSUES & BIOPIRACY
Biosafety Concerns:
- Environmental Risks: Gene flow to wild relatives
- Health Risks: Allergenicity potential
- Ethical Issues: Playing with nature
- NEET Focus: GEAC regulation in India (NEET 2021)
Biopiracy & Patents - NEET Pattern:
- Biopiracy: Unauthorized use of bioresources
- Basmati Patent: RiceTec case
- Neem Patent: EU patent controversy
- NEET Favorite: Indian Biodiversity Act (NEET 2020)
NEET Must-Know: Difference between Biopiracy (unauthorized use) and Bioprospecting (authorized exploration) - Asked 3 times in last 5 years
📜 NEET PYQ TRENDS (2014-2024)
2023: Which bacterium is used for production of human insulin?
Escherichia coli (Correct Answer)
2021: Cry I Ab gene produces protein toxic to which insect?
Cotton bollworm (NCERT based)
2019: First transgenic cow produced which human protein?
α-lactalbumin (Direct NCERT line)
